Geography is a fascinating subject. It reveals all the wonderful changes & activities that have been going on in the world since the beginning of time.
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By reading geography we learn not only about our own country but also about countries beyond the seas. We also learn about the mountains, oceans, islands, lakes, volcanoes, the winds và a number of other very interesting things about the world và the ụniverse.
Among the important things that we learn in Geography are the infinite varieties of creatures. Plants, birds and land features that exist in the world. We know that there are millions of creatures: small and large, of various kinds in all parts of the earth. We also know that many of the early creatures have now become extinct, while many of them have changed from their original forms. Reading about all these is indeed very interesting.
We also learn about the various types of plants and birds that exist throughout the world. The plants và birds in the cold lands are not the same as those in warmer lands. In the same way, the land forms in the cold regions are different from those in other regions. In the equatorial regions, for example, plant và animal life is luxuriant while in the poles the land is covered with snow, và animal & plant life is less abundant. In equatorial regions abundant rain has produced large rivers & lakes, while in areas where little rain falls there are large deserts without many rivers and lakes.
As the climate và vegetation of one place are not the same as those of another, the habits and activities of the people of different regions are also different. Even their religious convictions và languages are different from those of other parts of the world.
Thus, Geography is a very important subject, và because of its width and variety it is one of the most interesting subjects lớn read.
New words:
geography (n): địa lý họcvolcano (n): núi lửauniverse (n): vũ trụ, vạn vậtluxuriant (adi): phong phú, phồn thịnh, um tùmabundant (adj): nhiều, phong phú, dồi dàovegetation (n) : thưc vật, cây cối, thảm thực đồ .conviction (n): sự thừa nhận thức, thấy tội lỗiEssay 49: The importance of riversRivers have been very useful khổng lồ men in all parts of the earth since very early times. They provide water to slake the thirst of men, khổng lồ fertilize their lands và to provide a means of communication for the goods that they transport from place khổng lồ place.
Early civilization began on the banks of the great rivers of the world, such as the Nile và the Indus. These rivers provided the water, the people on their banks needed for all their purposes. As people in those early days did not have the transport facilities that we have today . They had khổng lồ live close to the rivers khổng lồ transport their goods to lớn places along the rivers and to draw the water that they needed.
Rivers not only provided water for their domestic needs & agricultural purposes but also enabled the people lớn move from place khổng lồ place along their banks. Boats or rafts were used to travel from one over of a river to lớn another. In the same way, goods were also transported. With the transport of good & the contacts of people between different parts of the same river there were also many cultural exchanges. Thus, rivers helped khổng lồ spread civilization.
It is true, however, that rivers have also caused much misery & unhappiness khổng lồ millions of people throughout history. They have caused floods và destroyed lives & property in all parts of the earth. For example, the Hwang Ho in đài loan trung quốc has been described as the “sorrow of China” because of the destruction that it had caused in the past.
But it should be realised that floods occur once in several years. Therefore, the damage that rivers cause is not so great as the benefits that they confer on humanity. Today,rivers continue khổng lồ be used not only as a source of water for drinking and fertilizing the lands or as a means of transport but also as a source of electricity which has revolutionized society. The importance of rivers is therefore not difficult to lớn appreciate.
New words:
slake the thirst (v): làm bớt cơn khát, đỡ khátcivilization (n): nền văn minhbank (n): bờ sôngfacilities (n): điều kiện dễ dàng, thuận lợi, tiện thể nghidomestic (adj): trong nhà, trong gia đìnhraft ( n ): bè, mảng, bè gỗrevolutionize (v): cách mạng hoáappreciate (v): reviews đúng, nhận xét cao, thưởng thứcEssay 50: The value of booksDeep in the heart of every good book lies the distilled wisdom of centuries. Khổng lồ read it is khổng lồ become wiser.
Books are written for the benefit & pleasure of all those who lượt thích to read them. But they are of various types. There are books for children, as well as for adults. Some books are written for the specialists, some are written for students in the schools và universities, and many are written just for the pleasures of the mind. Indeed, the variety of books is infinite.
One of the reasons for the existence of such a wide variety of books is that the field of knowledge is very extensive. Even khổng lồ grasp a small part of it one has to read several books for many years. Another reason is that different people have different likes và dislikes. The book that one likes lớn read, the other may not like. To lớn meet these broad and varying needs of people for information, knowledge, recreation & aesthetic enjoyment, more và more books are being written every year.
Those who aim to specialize in a certain branch of knowledge concentrate more on the books that provide information on their particular field of study. In the libraries and book shops they look mainly for such books. But those who have no particular interest in any subject read & buy all types of books. Sometimes they buy books intended for the specialist, sometimes they buy those written for children. And sometimes if they are preparing for some examination, they buy books which give some information on their examination subjects.
Almost every book extends the knowledge of the reader & develops his intellect as well. Even if the reader does not learn any new facts from the book, he may at least learn a few new words, expressions or ideas. In fact, certain books are written mainly to acquaint the reader with the beauty of language and ideas. They bởi not deal with facts or actual human experiences. Books of this type provide great pleasure lớn the mind, and almost everyone who loves reading buys a few of such books. Books have also helped to lớn promote better understanding among the peoples of the world. By reading books. The people of one country have come khổng lồ know about the achievements of those in other countries.
Thus, books could be regarded as one of the channels of communication among men. Indeed, without books man would not have made so much progress as he has made today. By applying the knowledge that he has gained from books to lớn practical purposes, he has made the world a pleasant place khổng lồ live in. Civilization therefore owes a great debt khổng lồ these inanimate things called books.
New words:
distil (v): đúc kết, chưng cấtspecialist (n): siêng gia, chuyên viênvarying (adj): hay nạm đổi, hay biến hóa đổi, sai trái địnhaesthetic (adj): (thuộc) mỹ học, thẩm mỹfield (n): lĩnh vực, phạm viintellect (n): trí tuệat least : ít nhất, buổi tối thiểupromote (v): thúc đẩy, khích 1ệ, xúc tiếnachievement (n): thành tích, thành tựuchannel (n): kênh, mối cung cấp (thông tin, tin tức…)inanimate (adj): vô tri, vô giácEssay 51: vì you think that physical education is important?The value of physical education has been realized since the earliest times of human existence. The Greeks & the Romans considered it indispensable khổng lồ the development of a good personality & character.
Today in all the schools và universities in the world, a great giảm giá emphasis is being placed on physical education as a means of producing citizens of good character & personality.
Physical education develops the muscles of the body toàn thân scientifically & increases muscular activity & physical strength. All this makes the body toàn thân active & efficient. It is now also realized that there is a close connection between the toàn thân and the mind. Therefore, if the body is active, the mind too is active. Proof of this can be easily found among children. Children who are inactive physically are usually also mentally lazy. An active và efficient body toàn thân is a healthy body. When the body toàn thân is healthy, the mind too is and therefore happy. Thus, physical education contributes greatly to the health & happiness of an individual such an individual could vị a great khuyễn mãi giảm giá for the good of society.
Physical education can also contribute lớn the strength of a nation. If the youths of a country receive proper physical education, they can build up a strong country khổng lồ protect itself from foreign attacks or invasions.
Further, physical education provides opportunities for contacts with people of other lands. Athletes of all countries meet at various countries at various times to lớn compete with one another and thus promote common understanding among countries for the benefit of one another.
It is therefore, not without reason that physical education has been a part & parcel of academic pursuit today. I do therefore agree that physical education is important khổng lồ all people.
New words:
physical (adj): (thuộc) thể chấtindispensable (adj): tuyệt đối cần thiếtemphasis (n): sự nhận mạnh, tầm quan lại trọngmuscle (n): bắp thịt, cơproof (n): hội chứng cứ, bởi chứnginactive (adj): không hoạt động, thiếu hụt hoạt độngindividual (adj): cá nhâninvasion (n): sự xâm lượcopportunity (adj): cơ hội, thời cơathlete (n): vận chuyển viên; lực sĩpart và parcel : thành phần cần yếu thiếupursuit (n): sự theo đuổi nghề nghiệp và công việc hoặc hoạt độngEssay 52: The importance of reading newspapersAs the name suggests newspapers are a source of news và information. In several respects they are also a medium of communication among the peoples of the world.
Today there are hundreds of newspapers all over the world. Everywhere there is a keen desire to learn more và more about the affairs of the world. This is partly the result of the spread of education which sharpens one’s curiosity khổng lồ learn about distant lands.
As a source of news: the newspaper is almost indispensable to those whose thirst for knowledge is insatiable. They contain news on events in distant corners of the earth. Information about such events arrives almost immediately. As a result. People everywhere are informed about the most important events in the world verỵ quickly and almost all the same time. For example, if a war breaks out in one part of the world today , the people in the other parts will certainly come to know about it tomorrow. As a result, all the countries of the world are able to do something quickly to help those who have suffered because of the war or to lớn persuade the countries at war to lớn cease fighting.
Newspapers also play an important part in keeping the peoples of the world informed about the troubles that might arise in the future, if nothing is done to lớn prevent them from happening. For example, if a dispute arises between two countries for any reason: the newspapers can keep the peoples of the world informed about what might happen if nothing is done lớn persuade the two countries lớn resolve their differences peacefully. In this way many wars have been avoided because of the intervention of some countries in the disputes of many countries which were given prominences in newspapers.
When all this is considered, we feel that there is some silent communication among countries through the medium of newspapers for the common benefit of the countries of the world.
Further, constant reading of newspapers improves one’s outlook on life & makes one a more reasonable person. The importance of the newspaper is therefore obvious.
New words:
respect (n): phương diện, khía cạnhmedium (n): phương tiệnkeen (adj): mãnh liệt, thiết tha, sức nóng tìnhinsatiable (adj): cấp thiết thoả mãn đượccease (v): dừng, ngừng, ngớt, tạnharise (v): xuất hiện, phát sinh ra, xảy raintervention (n): sự can thiệp, sự xen vàoprominence(n): sự nổi bật, sự xứng đáng chú ýEssay 53: Discuss the part played by science in the promotion of public health during the last hundreds yearsOne of the most striking features of the present century is the progress of science and its effects on almost every aspect of social life. Building on the foundations laid by their precedessors the scientists of today are carrying their investigation into ever widening fields of knowledge.
The contribution of science to lớn the promotion of public health in the last hundred years has indeed been tremendous. The unceasing work và experiments of scientists during this time have led to lớn numerous discoveries & removed many misconceptions that many people had before, regarding health illness. The causes of many of the diseases have become generally known. Indeed, many of the facts relating lớn public health, which are now regarded as common knowledge, were unknown even khổng lồ the doctors of those days. The fact that germs were the cause of most of the common diseases was not realised by doctors of high repute in the not very distant past. Today, however, even a pupil of a primary school has some knowledge of the destruction that germs can cause. The discovery of germs has indeed revolutionised all medical concepts of disease and illness: everywhere people have come to lớn realise the importance of cleanliness in the prevention of disease.
The researchers or scientists of all countries have also revealed other secrets. It is now known that illness and diseases can be caused by other living creatures also, such as flies, insects & even birds, animals & human beings. Their discoveries have contributed to the progress of medical science. Today, people in all parts of the world are doing their utmost to lớn destroy the creatures that carry diseases. At the same time, however, scientists have also discovered that certain animals và creatures could provide some cure for a variety of diseases that are dangerous khổng lồ human beings. Even the curative value of certain plants has been discovered.
An important result of the discoveries of scientists has been that, they have also found the cure of almost every disease. It is a practice of the scientists to lớn work for the discovery of a cure as soon as they have discovered the causes of a certain disease. This service of the scientists has promoted the welfare of the human race. In this field of research, scientists make no distinction between races. Whatever they discover is used for the advantage of men everywhere. The progress of humanity is their main aim.
The work of medical scientists also reduced pain to lớn great extent. In the past operations were performed on individuals in a very crude manner. Amputation was a very painful affair. Today, however. The whole toàn thân of a man could be cut mở cửa without his feeling any pain by the use of chloroform. In this way science has relieved the misery of men tremendously.
Another very important discovery has been that, water, without which life cannot exist, sometimes contains the elements of destruction as well. Impure water could spread disease và death at tremendous speed. This knowledge has led people in all parts of the world to lớn use only pure water tor all domestic & other purposes. Water is considered so important a factor in public health that all the governments of the world control its use for drinking purposes. All these discoveries have indeed promoted public health during the last hundred years.
New words:
foundation(n): sự thành lập, sự sáng sủa lậpprecedessor (n): tín đồ đi trước, bạn tiền nhiệmunceasing (adj): liên tục, ko ngừng, không mệt mỏimisconception (n): quan niệm sai lầmgerm(n): vi trùng, mầm bệnhcrude (adj): thô thiển, thô bạoamputation (n): thủ thuật cắt cụtchloroform (n): cloroform – một một số loại hóa chất gây mêfactor (n): nhân tốEssay 54: Water is important for all living things. Bởi you agree or disagree? Give your reasons.Without water no living thing on the earth could survive. We need water to quench our thirst. Water our lands to lớn grow crops or to lớn keep the animals và fowls in our homes alive. Even the plants & insects in all parts in the world need water to lớn live.
We also need water lớn produce electricity và to carry our goods or trade. Electricity is very important for our comforts today. Almost everything that we use in our homes today depends on the use of electricity. In the same way, water also helps lớn transport many or the goods that we need for our homes. Ships, rafts and boats carry many things from distant lands và help khổng lồ exchange goods between one country & another. Transport by water is easier and cheaper than by air or land.
But water has also caused much sorrow và hardship in all parts of the world floods and heavy rains have destroyed crops, lives và property through the centuries and caused much sorrow everywhere.
Yet, water is so important that all living things, including the tiniest of creatures, will continue khổng lồ struggle khổng lồ get it whenever or wherever they can.
New words:
quench (v): làm cho hết khátfowl (n): chim, gàEssay 55: The value of educationBriefly, education means the acquisition of knowledge & abilities, và the development of one’s character & mental powers by systematic training và instruction. Education is therefore of great value khổng lồ any person.
It has been realized that a person without education is deprived of many benefits. He not only lacks the knowledge of human affairs but also the ability khổng lồ appreciate the value of many of the things that concern his own welfare. Thus, he is not able lớn contribute his full giới thiệu to the progress of society & the world. Neither is he able to lớn develop his personality khổng lồ the fullest extent.
One of the greatest benefits of education is that it helps a person khổng lồ understand the position that he occupies in society. It helps him to lớn speak và conduct himself with confidence và dignity which earn him the respect & admiration of others. Thus, he occupies an important position in society, and people look up to him as their leader.
Another benefit of education today is that it helps one to lớn secure lucrative employment. In the world of today, almost every kind of employment requires some understanding of a few basic principles of science, mathematics, economics, engineering, accountancy or some other subjects on the part of the worker. Thus, the better education a person has better prospects he has of securing attractive positions in the various professions.
Finally, education makes a person sympathetic và considerate towards others. He is helpful lớn those who need his advice & guidance, & is not critical of those who commit offences or mistakes out of ignorance or necessity. Further, he does not lượt thích to hurt the feelings of others. Even if he is extremely provoked, he tries to express his displeasure or anger in words which give the slightest offence to lớn others and yet express his outraged feelings adequately.
As a result of all these qualities that a person acquires through education, he becomes a very pleasant person to lớn associate with. He thus lives a fuller life in socially.
New words:
briefly(adv): một biện pháp vắn tắt, ngắn gọnacquisition (n): sự giành được, sự thu đượcdeprive (v): lấy đi, tước đidignity ( n ): phẩm giá, nhân cách, lòng từ bỏ trọnglucrative (adi): gồm lợi, sinh lợiaccountancy (n): nghề kế toánprospects (n. Plu.): kỹ năng thành công, triển vọngoffence (n): sự phạm tộiignorance(n): dở hơi dốtprovoke (v): khiêu khích, chọc tứcadequately (adv): tương xứng, thích hợp đáng, thoả đángassociate (v): kết giao, giao thiệpEssay 56: An interesting story I have heardAn interesting story that I have heard is about a deserted house in a remote village somewhere in India.
The house had not been occupied for several years after the death of its owner. For some reason no one liked or cared for the owner. Therefore, when he died, he was not buried. His dead body remained in his bed until it was reduced to its skeleton.
One evening a traveller was passing by this house when it suddenly began to rain heavily. Looking for shelter , he ran into this house, where, khổng lồ his surprise và terror, he saw a human skeleton. But the rain had not stopped and it was rapidly growing dark. He has therefore no choice but khổng lồ sit there, in the hope that somebody like him might come in khổng lồ keep him company. But no one came. It was now too dark khổng lồ see anything outside. He therefore decided lớn spend the night in that dark & lonely house. The rain continued lớn fall unabated. The wind was strong & there was much lightning. The traveller lay on the floor but he could not sleep with the skeleton inside the house. After several hours, there was a sudden very cold crawling over his body. He was now too frightened to lớn move. After a while, he heard another strange cry. Just at that moment, a lightning flashed across the sky when he saw a large animal jump out of the house through a window which had been open. He now began to pray for his safety.
While he was in this position, some robbers happened to take shelter in the verandah of the house. They began to talk và laugh loudly. Hearing the voices, the traveller began to ask some questions from inside lớn make sure that there were some people outside. But the robbers were now frightened. They thought that it was the voice of ghost. They ran away as fast as they could. When morning came. The traveller rushed out of the house và never returned lớn that part of the country.
New words:
skeleton (n): cỗ xươngshelter (n): khu vực nương tựa, nơi ẩn náukeep s.b company : gồm ai sát bên làm thai bạnunabated (adj): không bớt sút, không yếu đicrawl (n): làm cho sởn tua ốcrobber (n): kẻ cướp; kẻ trộmverandah (n): hiên, hè, hành langEssay 57: My most favorite subjectMy most favourite subject is English which is today one of the most important languages in the world. It is spoken & understood in all parts of the earth.
English has become an international language for a variety of reasons. One of the most important of them is that the English people have been well-known for their knowledge of science medicine, engineering, government and all other matters that are useful for the progress of the human race. It is because of the scientists of England that the motor- engine has become the most important machine in the world today. In the same way, English scholar have studied the past and discovered many things of great value to the peoples of the world. Some of the things which were useful to men in the early days were later forgotten by others. Such things are now again being used, owing khổng lồ the work of English scholars.
The insatiable thirst for knowledge of the English scholars has contributed to lớn the progress of man in almost all fields of his activity. Thousands of books have been written by such scholars on almost every subject that one can think of. Thus, people whose native tongue is not English have learnt English with great interest as a means of acquiring knowledge of all human affairs.
As a result or this interest English is used almost everywhere in the world. It is used in all the important meetings and conferences và debates such as in United Nation. It is also used in all the leading universities in the world and in international trade & commerce. As it is used so widely, English has indeed become a very rich language. People of all the countries of the world have contributed new ideas & thoughts lớn this language.
Thus, more and more new words are being coined lớn make this language more & more useful tor the communication of ideas & information among the peoples of the world. It is for all these reasons that I like to study the English language.
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New words:
scholar (n): học giảinsatiable thirst : sự khát khao không thể thỏa mãnnative tongue (n): tiếng chị em đẻdebate (n): cuộc tranh luận, cuộc thảo luận, cuộc tranh cãicommerce (n): yêu quý mại, yêu quý nghiệpEssay 58: Describe an unpleasant dream you have hadEveryone dreams. Some dreams are pleasant & some are not. One of the most unpleasant dreams that I have had concerns a wild creature which used to lớn visit a village every night in search of blood & flesh.
It is difficult for me to lớn give a proper mô tả tìm kiếm of the creature. It was tall, black & hairy. Its legs and hands resembled those of a man, but its face was lượt thích that of a leopard. It walked lượt thích a man but it could also run like an animal when it wished. Its home was not on land but in the sea. However, its thirst for blood was insatiable. Every night when all the people in the village that it used khổng lồ visit went to lớn bed, it would come out of the sea và quietly go into the village. It would look for a man who might be outside. Such was its luck that it found at least one man every night. Its method of attack was simple. As soon as it saw a man, it would put its powerful hands round his neck và strangle him. At the same time it would sink its teeth into the flesh and drink his blood. This unfortunate man would have no time lớn shout, for death came swiftly.
In this way, the creature had killed a lot of people, but no one could explain their disappearance. As the foot prints of the creature were similar to those of a tall and big man, no one could distinguish between the foot prints of the creature và those of a man. Then, one night, I happened to be in the village. The creature, however, did not see me when it came. I was at first frightened. But when I saw it had caught and killed a man, 1 felt brave. I knew that it would now not bother to kill me. I therefore decided khổng lồ follow the creature.
Not suspecting that it was being followed, the creature stopped at a place and began khổng lồ eat the man. When it was satisfied, it picked up the remains of the man and slowly walked back into the sea which was only a short distance from the village. All the while I moved very cautiously. Then, I ran back to the village và told the people what had happened. On the next day, the villagers waited near the sea with all the weapons that they had. The creature came out for its usual meals, but this was an unfortunate day for the creature. As soon as it was on the land, the villagers surrounded it & killed it. Its cries of pain & anger before it died were such that I suddenly woke up to find that I was only dreaming. I felt greatly relieved.
New words:
concern (v): tương quan đến, dính líu tớidescription (n): sự diễn tả, sự miêu tảresemble (v): kiểu như với, tương tựleopard (n): nhỏ báostrangle (v): bóp nghẹtswiftly (adv): nhanh; nhanh chóng, ngay lập tứcdistinguish (v): phân biệtbother (v): áy náy, băn khoăn, lo ngạicautiously (adv): cẩn thẩn, thận trọngsurround (v): vây quanh, bao quanh Essay 59: Describe your last holidayDuring my last school holidays. I spent a few days at my cousin’s house at Morib, a well-known sea resort. I shall never forget that visit.
On the day I arrived at Morib, my cousin told me that he would vì to make my stay there a very interesting one. He said that he would first make a raft to lớn use it in the sea. Then he would buy fishing net khổng lồ catch some fish in the shallow waters near the coast. When I heard all this, I was very delighted because it was for these reasons that I had decided lớn visit my cousin. We then walked up to lớn the beach which is near his house.
While we were there, sometime in the evening, the sea looked extremely beautiful. I saw the islands and hills in the distance, the birds in the air, và a few boys & girls playing on the beach. I also saw some fishermen coming out of the water with their catch. All this was indeed very interesting khổng lồ look at.
On the next day, my cousin and I collected some tree trunks from the forest nearby. As my cousin’s house is close to lớn the sea, we decided lớn make the raft on the beach itself. It took us almost the whole morning lớn make the raft. We then had our lunch & went to lớn Banting, the nearest town, to lớn buy fishing net. After that we returned to my cousin’s house.
In the evening we put the ran on the sea. The water was still high, but the raft floated quite well. My cousin & I sat on it & began khổng lồ row it by using the oars that we had made ourselves. We felt very happy indeed và continued to lớn row it. We remained on it for a long time, but as it was already getting dark we did not go far. We returned khổng lồ the shore & tied the raft to lớn a tree.
On the next day, we went out to catch some crabs and fish. We used the net that we had bought và caught a lot of fish. Then, we had our lunch và went out again on the ran. We continued lớn row it as far as we could. It was really a pleasure to lớn be away from the shore. The sea was calm & we could row with ease. My cousin told me many interesting things about Morib. We then returned to lớn the shore.
In this way, I spent my holidays happily at Morib, a place I shall never forget.
New words:
sea resort (n): vị trí nghỉ mát nghỉ ngơi bờ biểnraft (n): dòng bè, dòng mảngdelighted (adj): hào hứng, hài lòngextremely (adv): tột cùng, cực độ, rất kìtrunk (n): thân càyrow (v): chèo thuyềnoar (n): mái chèoremain (v): ở lạito get dark : (trời) tối dầntie (v): buộc, cột, tróícrab (n): bé cuaease (n): sự dễ dàng dàngEssay 60: Journalism as a careerAlmost everyone who can read and write sometimes feels the urge lớn write on some favourite topic. But some people love writing so much that they spend much of their time in writing something on various subjects for the sheer pleasure of writing. Such people usually become skillful writers; và if the ability lớn write with ease và facility was enough to lớn achieve success in the field of journalism, many people would make journalism their career.
In countries like England and Japan, where there are hundreds of newspapers và journals, journalism is an attractive profession. It is a very good source or income khổng lồ many. But in Malaysia there are so few newspapers & journals that journalism offers almost no prospect of success. Even in England and Japan, however, many people have failed to lớn achieve any success in this field. To be successful in journalism, one must have many other qualities, besides the ability khổng lồ write effectively. One of the most important qualities is the ability khổng lồ judge what the average reader likes or dislikes. If one writes for a political journal, one should have a fair knowledge of what the readers of that journal expect from it. If one writes for a women’s journal, one should know almost instinctively what its readers prefer. Accordingly, the journalist should gather information from all possible sources for his articles & stories for publication. He may even have to lớn distort or omit certain facts & information, which in his judgement may appear unpleasant khổng lồ his readers. Further, if certain unpleasant facts have khổng lồ be revealed khổng lồ his readers, he has khổng lồ employ words with such skill that his readers will take almost no offence. All these require great intellectual qualities.
Besides, to collect information, the journalist has to lớn travel extensively & meet many people, far và near. As too much travelling involve great physical activity, the journalist has lớn pay sufficient attention lớn his health lớn keep himself strong. He has also lớn cultivate pleasing habits to lớn meet all sorts of people. He must also he prepared to lớn work under very unpleasant circumstances. For example, if he is working for a popular newspaper, he may have to lớn be at the scene or a battle và risk his life to send his report lớn his newspaper office. All this involves great personal sacrifice.
Finally, a good journalist should have a good grasp of the constitutional rights of the citizens of his country and the policies of his government. He should also know the laws of libel & slander. Ignorance of any or these may lead him lớn make unfair criticisms and disclosures which may cause serious troubles in the country. Thus, success in journalism is not easy lớn attain, & only a few people make it their career.
New words:
facility (n): khả năng học hoăc thao tác làm việc một cách dễ dàngachieve (v): đạt được, giành đượcjournalism (n): nghề làm cho báo, viết báojudge ( v ): xét đoán, phán đoán, tấn công giáinstinctively (adv): theo bản năng, do phiên bản năngdistort (n): bóp méo, xuyên tạcsufficient (adj): đầy đủcircumstance (n) : hoàn cảnh, trường hợpconstitutional (adj) : ở trong hiến pháp, theo hiến pháplibel (n) : lời phỉ báng, tội phỉ bángslander (n): sự vu khống. Sự vu cáodisclosure (n) : sự gạch trần, sự phơi bàyEssay 61: Beauty in natureBeauty is hard to define but easy to lớn recognise. In nature beauty may be discerned in all things & places, even in the most unexpected regions of the earth. There is beauty in the infinite variety of flowers, birds, animals và plants, many of which are vividly colourful.
There is beauty in mountains, valleys và hills, & in the skies. Thus, beauty can be found in all the creations of God. Then hunter who scans the forests for his quarry is often fascinated by the beauty that he finds in objects, which conceal beautiful flowers from human sight, suddenly reveal their secrets lớn him when he stumbles over them. The fisherman who turns to lớn the sea for his livelihood is fascinated by the beauty of the multitudinous creatures that swarm in the seas. Many of these creatures are found even on the shore. But the oceans often conceal the beauty that lies below their surface, và to catch a glimpse of the beauty of the world below the sea, hundreds of divers everywhere explore the bottoms of the oceans, even at the risk of losing their lives in the unknown regions of the world below.
Even the farmer & the traveller appreciate the beauty that is found in nature. The farmer finds beauty in the variety of the plants that he grows. The traveller is impressed with the beauty of distant hills & mountains, & the beauty of meadering rivers in large valleys. He is also appreciative of the beauty of the night. As he travel in the moon-light, he looks at the landscape và is lost in admiration of it.
The beauty in nature is also appreciated by others. Almost every one delights to see the rushing streams and the numerous birds và animals that may be found in every part of the earth, for these are part of the ornaments of nature. Even the tiniest of creatures has a beauty of its own. In tìm kiếm of this beauty in nature, men in all parts of the world are travelling great distances & spending a great khuyễn mãi giảm giá of money, even in some cases, even their life savings. It is this appreciation of natural beauty that impels men to lớn visit distant lands which have a beauty of their own. Men have also visited the islands that are spread throughout the world in tìm kiếm of the natural beauty. Many have seen visited the cold deserts in the Artics as well as the hot deserts where few plants grow, in search of the beauty that may be found in these regions, despite the lack of vegetation & animals life. The deserts are indeed the trang chủ of many beautiful plants and animals which find sufficient refuge in these pans, và many of the birds too, here are remarkable for their beauty.
But the person who is most appreciative of natural beauty is the poet who finds music và beauty even in the movement of the clouds and winds. His deep appreciation of the beauty that he finds around him impels him khổng lồ give utterance to lớn it in the most expressive language, which is itself often of imperishable beauty.
New words:
discern (v): dấn thức, thấy rõGod (n): chúa trời, thượng đếscan (v): coi tỉ mỉ, bình chọn cẩn thậnquarry (n): con mồiconceal (v): đậy giếm, bịt đậyreveal (v): bộc lộ, biểu lộ, huyết lộstumble (v): vấp, trượt chânmultitudinous (adj): khôn cùng nhiều, vô vàn kểglimpse (n): ánh nhìn thoáng quameander (v): ngoằn ngoèo, quanh co, khúc khuỷuornament (n): vật trang hoàng, vật trang tríimpel (v): thúc ép, bắt buộcrefuge (n): nơi trốn tránh, chỗ ẩn náu, địa điểm trú ấnremarkable (adj): xứng đáng chú ý, đáng để ýutterance (n): sự phát biểu, sự bày tỏimperishable (adj): bất hủ, bất tử, bất diệtEssay 62: vì chưng you agree that the study of Mathematics is essential to the progress of the human race?
Though the study of Mathematics had occupied the attention of Egyptian and Greek scholars centuries ago, yet it was only after the advent of the Industrial Revolution that the importance of the subject was fully realised by scholars & educationists everywhere. Today, Mathematics is one of the most important subjects in all the schools và universities of the world.
Before the Industrial Revolution, men lived very simple lives. Agriculture, hunting & fishing were then their main sources of livelihood. It did not occur to them that their lives could be made more comfortable if they only exercised their mental faculties a little more & organised a system of knowledge, which we now điện thoại tư vấn the Science, & applied it to lớn practical purposes. Thus, they turned to lớn nature for sustenance, và were satisfied with what they could acquire from nature with their skills. This simple mode of existence was, however, disturbed by the inventions of a few men, sometime in the eighteenth century, which caused people everywhere lớn think of new ways of improving their conditions of living. The inventions revealed new sources of comfort, và power for the production of goods. Thus, the Industrial Revolution began. More and more machines were invented for the rapid production of goods, and the study of Mathematics began to lớn receive great encouragement, for it was realised that machines function on mathematical principles.
The intensive study of Mathematics revealed its potentialities. It was soon applied not only to lớn invent new machinery but also lớn explain abstruse subjects such as Physics, súc tích and many others. In fact, Mathematics is now used to lớn teach và explain almost every important subject in schools & universities. Even the construction of buildings & bridges requires a deep knowledge of Mathematics.
The study of Mathematics has also helped to increase the mental powers of men. They are not only able khổng lồ think more clearly than they could before but are also able lớn understand & explain many of the things which they could not understand earlier.
Sometimes, however, Mathematical principles have been applied for tragic consequences. In battles & wars, bombs và cannon-balls have been released with remarkable accuracy to lớn destroy the enemy. This fact reveals how knowledge of Mathematics could be used to lớn hinder human progress. But such a situation develops only when men have lost their patience & their capacity for compromise & fortunately the leaders of the world today are trying their utmost khổng lồ remove the causes for war.
In general, however, men have a natural impulse to lớn live in peace & harmony with others, và almost every invention is aimed at promoting the welfare of the peoples of the world. Thus, the human race has benefited from the efforts of those who have made the fullest use of Mathematical principles for all their inventions. I therefore agree that the study of Mathematics is essential to the progress of the human race.
New words:
the mental faculties: năng lực, trí tuệsustenance (n): chất bố, sự ngã dưỡngencouragement (n): niềm khích lệ, niềm cổ vũ, niềm rượu cồn viênintensive (adj): chuyên sâu, cao độ, táo bạo mẽ, sâu sắc, tập trungpotentiality (n): tiềm năng, tiềm lựcabstruse (adj): cạnh tranh hiểu, rạm thuý, sâu sắcconsequence (n): hậu quả, kết quảcannon-ball (n): đạn trái pháimpulse (n): sự thúc đẩy, sự thôi thúcwelfare (n): hạnh phúc, sự thịnh vượngEssay 63: What contributions can writers make to lớn the promtion of goodwill among the people of a country?Since remote antiquity writers in every country have exerted a profound influence on the minds of the people. The writings or political philosophers, like Rousseau & Voltaire, have even caused revolutions and diverted the course of history. Such is the nguồn of writers who express their ideas and views with lucidity and cogency. Most writers who dwell upon the affairs of their countries are deeply conscious of their responsibility towards their countries & compatriots. This consciousness not only impels them to avoid issues which tend lớn divide the people but also to express their views on delicate issues in the most temperate language. Their main aim is to promote goodwill among the people of the country, và this they try lớn achieve in various ways.
In a country dominated by people of the same race and language, writers can promote goodwill among its people by clarifying political & economic issues which the people understand only vaguely. If the people are divided by ideological differences or by differences of economic status, writers can exercise their influence to remove the resentment & prejudices among the people. Even those who write on social problems can emphasise the issues that tend to lớn unite the people. They can also suggest ways and means of removing the causes of resentment và frustration that exist among the people. As the written word is more effective than the spoken word, people tend khổng lồ accept the views of writers more readily than those expressed verbally by various people.
But it is in countries in which people of various races reside that writers can make the greatest contribution lớn the promotion of goodwill among the people. In a country lượt thích Malaya, for example, writers can concentrate on the issues that tend to unite the people. They should not be too critical of the attitudes of one race lớn gratify the emotions of another race. If they vày so, they will incite racial discord and even violence which may affect the whole country adversely. If short speeches to lớn a small group of people can cause riots và racial conflicts in all parts of the country, writers can bởi greater harm, for the written word circulates more extensively for a longer period.
This nguồn of the written word, however, could be used by writers for the benefit of the whole nation. By giving prominence khổng lồ the social aspects of life that affect the people as human beings & as individuals of a particular race, writers can help in the development of a common outlook among the people. They could also help in making the people realise the benefits in peace & harmony. A study of the history of many countries reveals how the ways and habits of its people are influenced by the pen of distinguished writers. Even the leaders of the country are often guided by the opinions of noted writers.
Indeed, in times of great discontent in a country, writers advise the people lớn exercise patience & moderation in expressing their grievance. There are many examples of how writers in various countries have been able khổng lồ remove feelings of hatred among the people. The newspaper, for example, which is the product of the combined effort of many writers, is able khổng lồ exert a restraining influence on people who are easily provoked. This is the best example of what writers could bởi to promote goodwill among the people of a country.
New words:
antiquity (n): thời xưadivert (v) : có tác dụng đổi hướnglucidity (n): sự rõ ràng, minh bạchcogency (v): sự vững chắc, mức độ thuyết phụcdwell upon (v): chăm chú vàoconscious (adj): gồm ý thức, biết rõcompatriot (n): đồng bàodelicate (adj): tinh vi, tinh tế, tế nhịdominate (v): chỉ chiếm ưu thế, đưa ra phối, thống trịclarify (v): khiến cho dễ hiểuvaguely (adv): mơ hồ, ngờ ngợideological (adj): ở trong hệ bốn tưởngprejudice (n): sự thành kiến, định kiến, thiên kiếnfrustration (n): tâm trạng thất vọng, tan vỡ mộngverbally (adv): bởi lời nóiadversely (adv): bất lợicirculate (v): lưu lại truyền, truyền bádiscontent (n): sự bất mãn, sự bất bìnhgrievance (n): lời phàn nàn, lời kêu ca, lời than phiền, nỗi bất bìnhEssay 64: Which language vì you think has made the greatest contribution khổng lồ the promotion of better understanding among the peoples of the world?The human race is divided by a multiplicity of languages, many of which have come to lớn play an important part in the affairs of the world. A little reflection reveals that the importance of a language is associated mainly with the ideas and knowledge it contains. The more ideas a language can convey lớn the peoples of the world, the more it will be used by people everywhere. Thus, the language that is used most extensively is the language that makes the greatest contribution to lớn human progress & mutual understanding between peoples.
It cannot be denied that today the most widely used language is the English language. There are few countries in which this language is not understood or used. Even the countries which preached hatred for everything English, including the English language, during their struggle for independence from British rule such as India, found it difficult lớn dispense with this language after they became independent. Therefore, they not only continued lớn use English in all spheres of public activity but also began khổng lồ encourage the use & study of the English language as means of achieving national progress và unity. These efforts on the part of the various countries of the world convey an idea of the importance of the English language.
It would be instructive, however to consider the reason for the extensive use of the English language. One of the reasons is that several countries in the world have been occupied mainly by immigrants from England such as the United States of America, australia and New Zealand. It is therefore not surprising that the people of such countries have continued to lớn use the English language, though they have severed their political connexions with their mother country and acquired independent status, for one cannot discard one’s language easily. Another reason is that, in the course or history, a large number of countries throughout the world came directly under British rule, where English was made the main language for administrative, commercial & all other purposes.
As the leading colonial nguồn in the world, England has indeed exerted a profound influence on the affairs of the world, though her colonial possessions are rapidly becoming independent one after the other. Concomitantly, the English language too has come lớn play a leading role in international communication. Thus, many people whose native language is not English have studied English and become more conversation with English than with their own languages. This is especially true with the leaders of the people to lớn whom English is a foreign language. As a result, the English language is used by them not only in the administration of their countries but also in all their institutions of higher learning.
The most important reason for the pre-eminence of the English language, however, is that it is the source of all knowledge. The Industrial Revolution that began in England và spread to lớn other countries revealed the English genius for invention. Even the political và social institutions of England, which were affected tremendously by the Industrial Revolution, have evoked the admiration of all countries. The knowledge, ideas, experiences and profound thoughts of the English people have made a deep impression on the minds of the people of other countries. Innumerable books have been written in the English language on all branches of study, and such is the thirst of English scholars for knowledge & their desire to communicate it, that they have even translated books of great value from other language lớn English for the benefit of all. Writers of other nationalities too have written a great number of books in English & made a substantial contribution lớn the enrichment of the English language. As a result of all these efforts, the English language has become the main avenue to the greatest storehouse or information. Therefore, people everywhere have developed a special respect for the language và they continue khổng lồ learn it with avidity.
As the English language is used so extensively it is mainly in this language that the peoples of the world communicate with and understand one another. No other language has such a wide appeal or popularity. I am therefore of the opinion that it is the English language that has made the greatest contribution lớn the promotion of the better understanding among the peoples of the world.
New words:
multiplicity (n): vô sốmutual (adj): qua lại, lẫn nhaupreach (v): nhà trương, thuyết giáoimmigrant (n) : bạn nhập cưconnexion (n) : mối quan hệdiscard (v) : vứt bỏ, thải hồiadministrative (adj) : (thuộc) hành chínhcommercial (adj) : (thuộc) yêu mến mạiconcomitantly (adv) : song song với, đồng thờipre-eminence (n) : sưu việt rộng hẳnevoke (v): gợi lêninnumerable (adj) : vô sốsubstantial (adj) : bự lao, đáng kể, quan lại trọngavidity (n) : sự khát khaoappeal (n) : sự hấp dẫnEssay 65: LibertySince his appearance on the earth, man has instinctively longed for liberty, an ideal which has inspired revolts & revolutions throughout the long history of the human race.
The yearning for liberty or freedom is not restricted to man alone. Even animals, birds and all living creatures love the freedom that God has given to them. Like men, these creatures will never submit lớn captivity without resistance. Neither will they cease lớn make tenacious efforts to lớn escape, once they are captured.
In the early days of their existence, men were không tính tiền to pursue their own affairs, within the limits of their own ability. They moved from place khổng lồ place in small isolated groups và families, in search of food, which consisted of edible plants. Fruits & the flesh of animals. The pursuit of the means of survival was their only occupation, và the things that restricted their freedom of movement, lớn some extent, were their own fears of the unknown và natural barriers such as mountains, dense forests, và rivers. These were no restraints imposed upon them by human institution and they enjoyed their liberty.
Gradually, men learned lớn live in communities & various institutions were established, which soon curtailed their liberty lớn a great extent. Rules were made for the cohesions of each community & obedience khổng lồ those rules was secured by the threat of punishment. This element of compulsion imposed upon the conduct of the individuals in the community restricted the liberty of the people; but the greater security that men enjoyed in community life provided the incentive to lớn partial sacrifices.
Soon, however, conflicts developed among the various communities. The stronger one conquered the weaker one and in the contest for power & domination, hundreds of people lost their liberty completely. The enslavement & suppression of one group of people by another provided the stimulus for numerous revolts và revolutions for liberty which have not ceased till this day.
Even in the same community. Sometimes, there were divisions. The rulers, who came to be known as kings, with the development of the communities into countries, were at variance with their subjects. To lớn maintain their status & to assert their authority, kings developed their own theories of kingship, & many of them ruled in the most despotic manner. Defiance of the king’s authority was punished by death và imprisonment. What constituted defiance was decided arbitrarily by the king or his ministers, and thousands or people were deprived of their liberty.
Eventually, however, despotism aroused the fury of political thinkers và writers in many countries. A crusade then began against oppression & despotism, và the cry for liberty was heard everywhere. Revolutions erupted; despotic rulers were overthrown, and new rulers were compelled to lớn rule with the consent of the people. The French Revolution of the eighteenth century is the best example of the extremity khổng lồ which people were prepared to go to lớn retain or regain their liberty, which is claimed lớn be the birth-right of every man.
But liberty does not mean licence. In other words, men’s liberty of action should not be excessive. The French Revolution is, unfortunately, also the best example of how men may thất bại their sense of proportion & justice, in their attempts to assert their liberty. In that revolution hundreds of innocent men, women, and children lost their lives at the hands of those who took full advantage of the anarchy that then prevailed in France, to lớn assert their liberty of action. Such actions are indeed licentious .
Thus, it may be argued that liberty will remain the battle-cry of all the people, but those who have it should not use it to lớn hurt or offend others or to lớn deprive others of their liberty.
New words:
liberty (n): sự tự do, quyền tự dorevolt (n): cuộc nổi dậy, cuộc khởi nghĩa, cuộc nổi loạnsubmit (v): chịu phục tùng, quy phục, xong xuôi phản khángtenacious (adj): kiên trì, ngoan cường, ngoan cốisolated (adj): biệt lập, cô đơnrestraint (n): sự kiềm chế, sự đụn bó, sự ràng buộccurtail (v): tước đi, rước đicohesion (n): sự bám liền, sự chũm kếtcompulsion (n): sự nghiền buộc, sự cưỡng bứcconquer (v): chinh phục, chế ngựenslavement (n): sự nô dịch hoá, chứng trạng bị nô dịchsuppression (n): sự bọn áp hoặc bị đàn ápstimulus (n): sự kích thích, tác nhân kích thíchstatus (n): đia vị, thân phận, thân thếdespotic (adj): chăm chế, chăm quyền, bạo ngượcdefiance (n): sự công khai kháng cự hoặc không tuân theoconstitute (v): cấu thành, tạo nên thànharbitrarily (adv): chăm quyền, độc đoánarouse (v): đánh thức, khuâý động, gợicrusade (n): chiến dịch; cuộc vận động lớnclaim (v): khẳng định, thừa quyếtexcessive (adj): quá thể, quá đánganarchy (n): triệu chứng vô chính phú, chứng trạng hỗn loạnprevail (v): win thế, chiếm phần ưu thế, phổ biến khắp nơilicentious (adj): bừa bãi, phóng túngoppress (v): áp bức, bầy áp Essay 66: Discuss the role of the police force in societyThe police force plays a vital role in the maintenance of law & order in society. It is a source of moral strength, confidence & happiness lớn all individuals who seek to live a good life in society.
The ideal of a police force has been conceived centuries ago, when lawyers acts were committed everywhere; but it was only in the nineteenth century that effectual steps were taken khổng lồ build up a strong police force in almost every country. Life, before the introduction of the police force, was indeed insecure. Violent acts such as murder were committed with impunity by cruel & reckless men. Even those who were weak and feared revenge by stronger men nevertheless found it safe sometimes to lớn commit lesser crimes such as theft và robbery. Without the restraining influence of a powerful organization such as the police force, the passions of men were aroused easily, & lawlessness prevailed everywhere. Individuals grouped themselves together & terrorized whole villages & towns, và there were wars between rival groups. This state of affairs caused great sorrow & acute anxiety to whole communities and everyone lived in constant fear, uncertain even about his immediate future.
The establishment of the police force, however, has changed the state of affairs in society. The police force has enabled the law courts, which have existed since ancient times, in certain countries even before the introduction of the police force, lớn function more efficiently. Criminals are apprehended and punished, with the help of the police force, lớn deter others from committing acts injurious to innocent citizens. Most people therefore have learned to lớn control their criminal tendencies. The alertness of the police force in the detection of crimes has not only discouraged most people from breaking the laws of society but also compelled them to exercise restrain & self-discipline. Consequently, society as a whole is more peaceful than what it was before the establishment of the police force.
As the aim of the police force is lớn promote the welfare of society, it is constantly engaged in creating the conditions in which people can live & pursue their own affairs without interference from thoughtless individuals. The rights of every thành viên in society are protected by the courts through the agency of the police force, which is therefore a source of inspiration & hope to lớn all law-abiding citizens. Any interference with the rights of one citizen by another is frowned upon by the police force.
In their efforts to promote the welfare of society the police force extends its activities even to lớn the remotest regions of the country. If a man is lost in a dense forest or at sea by his own fault or otherwise, members of the force do their utmost lớn find và bring him back khổng lồ his family, however unpleasant the effort may prove. Seldom vì chưng they give up their tìm kiếm if they are certain that the man still survives. Dedicated lớn the service of society, they are prepared to lớn work under any conditions lớn protect a person, sometimes even at the risk of losing their own lives.
The knowledge of the activities in which the police force is engaged has increased the confidence và moral strength of people in society. Even the cripple and invalid are given every protection. Thus, people today can live in greater security và happiness than they could before. Society therefore owes a great debt of gratitude to the police force.
New words:
vital (adj): sống còn, quan lại trọngseek (v): mưu cầu, theo đuổiconceive (v): sinh ra 1 ý nghĩ, vào đầu tất cả ý tưởngcommit (v): phạm lỗiimpunity (n): sự không biến thành trừng phạtrival (adj ): đối địch, cạnh tranhancient (adj) : xưa, cổapprehend (v) : bắt, tóm, nắm, lấydeter (v) : chống cản, ngăn chặn, có tác dụng nản lòngalertness (n): sự thức giấc táo, sự cảnh giácdiscourage (v) : làm cho nản lòng, làm chán nảncompel (v) : bắt buộc, thúc épconsequently (adv) : vì đó, do vậy, do vậy, mang lại nêninterference (n) : sự can thiệp, sự xen vàolaw-abiding : trung thành với chủ với pháp luật, tuân theo giải pháp phápfrown (v) : không bằng lòng, bội nghịch đốiprove (v): tỏ ra, triệu chứng tỏ, hội chứng minhdedicated (adj): tận tụy, tận tâmgratitude (n): lòng biết ơn, sự nhớ ơnEssay 67: Discuss the view that tolerance is essential for peace and harmony in any community or countryThe progress of any community or country depends largely on the conduct of the people who reside in it. Discontent, jealousies, prejudices, & intolerance among a few of the people can cause great damage to lớn the whole community or country.
Gregarious by nature, men hate to live in isolation. The urge for association, therefore, enables men khổng lồ tolerate the views và habits of others, lớn great extent. Most men have come lớn realise that the cohesion of society cannot be secured without the exercise of tolerance on the part of its members.
A community or country is composed of various types of people, whose psychological social an temperamental attitudes và needs are not the same. In a great number of cases, there are fundamental differences even in race, language và religion among the people. This is the result of the economic và social necessities of the modern age, which have compelled people khổng lồ leave their original homes & live among people of foreign descent. These diversities in a community or country necessitate the maintenance of a tolerant attitude on the part of the people towards one another. They have to lớn respect the cultural và social habits & beliefs of one another và refrain themselves from doing, or saying things which might offend the susceptibilities of some people. The racial và religious clashes that have occurred in various parts of the world indicate the damage that the expression of hatred và prejudice can cause in a country. Even differences in the colour of the skin can cause trouble & violence in a community, and when passions are aroused, men thua thảm their reason and sense of proportion & indulge in the most barbaric acts. Innocent lives become the victims of insensate cruelty.
That tolerance is essential for peace và harmony in a country could be illustrated by reference lớn the people in Malaysia, a country in which people of various races reside. Despite cultural, racial & religious differences among themselves, the people here have lived for generations in peace và harmony. They have also helped one another in various ways at various times. It must be admitted, however, there have been a few incidents from time to lớn time caused by communal differences in certain localities, yet they can hardly be attributed khổng lồ the general uprising of the races against one another. In fact, the goodwill that prevails a
